Nakhchivan – The Ancient City and Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan

General Information

Nakhchivan is one of the oldest cities in Azerbaijan and the capital of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The city is located in the southwestern part of the country, bordering Armenia, Iran, and Turkey. Due to its geographical position, Nakhchivan is an exclave, separated from the main territory of Azerbaijan.

This region is known for its rich history, unique architecture, thermal springs, and picturesque natural landscapes.

History

The history of Nakhchivan dates back thousands of years. Some sources suggest that the city was founded around 5,000 years ago, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.

In ancient times, Nakhchivan was a key point on major trade routes and was part of various empires, including Urartu, Achaemenid Persia, Parthia, and later the Sassanid Empire.

During the Middle Ages, the city became an important center of trade and culture, influenced by Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, and the Safavids. In the 19th century, Nakhchivan became part of the Russian Empire, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became an autonomous republic within independent Azerbaijan.

Economy

Nakhchivan is an important economic center in the region. The main industries include:

• Agriculture – The region produces fruits, grapes, and grain crops.
• Tourism – Historical sites and healing mineral springs attract many visitors.
• Mining industry – The region is rich in marble, gypsum, and salt deposits.
• Trade – Nakhchivan serves as a major trade hub between Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iran.

Nature and Climate

Nakhchivan has a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. The region features mountains, mineral springs, and nature reserves.

Natural attractions:

• Mount Ilandagh – One of the most famous mountains in the region, surrounded by numerous legends.
• Duzdag Salt Caves – A unique microclimate location used for respiratory treatments.
• Araz River – A natural border between Nakhchivan and Iran.

Landmarks and Attractions

1. Momine Khatun Mausoleum – A masterpiece of 12th-century Azerbaijani architecture, designed by architect Ajami Nakhchivani.
2. Nakhchivan Khans’ Palace – A historical building that once served as the residence of local rulers.
3. Tomb of Prophet Noah – According to some legends, this is the burial place of the biblical prophet Noah.
4. Ashabi-Kahf Complex – A sacred site associated with the Islamic legend of the "Seven Sleepers."
5. Nakhchivan Carpet Museum – A museum showcasing unique samples of Azerbaijani carpet weaving.

Modern Nakhchivan

Today, Nakhchivan is a rapidly developing region with modern infrastructure, an airport, and universities. The autonomous republic is actively expanding its tourism, healthcare, and industrial sectors. Despite its geographical isolation, Nakhchivan remains a vital cultural and economic center of Azerbaijan.

This city is a perfect destination for those who wish to explore ancient history, admire stunning architectural monuments, and enjoy unique natural landscapes.